“Maritime Energy Efficiency: Emerging Trends and Key Performance Indicators”

The shipping industry plays a crucial role in global trade, yet it faces significant challenges in balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability. Regulatory measures such as those introduced by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) aim to curb emissions through various strategies. These regulations also promote the adoption of cleaner fuels and energy efficiency measures. Although there are many proven solutions to enhance energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions, their adoption across the shipping sector remains in the early stages. This work reviews emerging trends in maritime energy efficiency and identifies relevant Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for assessing green innovations in shipping. By mapping energy efficiency advancements in shipping, the review sets a foundational understanding of the domain's current innovations. Subsequently, it embarks on an exhaustive exploration of extant literature to articulate a set of KPIs that embody the effectiveness and impact of these green solutions. These indicators not only cover traditional metrics like fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions but also include modern measures. The study highlights the importance of adopting a multi-dimensional approach to evaluate the effectiveness of energy-efficient innovations in the maritime sector, by providing a framework for stakeholders to guide policy, decision-making, and the adoption of sustainable practices in shipping.