Mitochondria are dynamic organelles whose centralrole is synthesis of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP)by oxidative phosphorylation. They controlseveral cellular activities such as, calcium homeostasis, apoptosis and productionof reactive oxygen species (ROS). These organelles are the focus of metabolic pathways, and mitochondrial alteration is indirectly or directly involved in the origin of manysyndromes.Increased mitochondrial ROS synthesis can perturb the activity of enzymes involved in these paths, affecting both the ATP synthesis and the metabolic responses. Mitochondrial biogenesis involves an increase in mitochondrial number and the overall capacity of oxidative phosphorylation, and it is a critical determinant of all tissues function, and in particular of skeletal muscle. Appropriate nutrition and a constant physical activity,acting on the mitochondrial biogenesis, are essential and modifiable factors that play a key role in preventing and/or delaying the mitochondrial degeneration. Exercise-induced mitochondrial remodeling is mediated by upstream signaling events that converge on downstream transcriptional co-factors, and factors that orchestrate a co-ordinated nuclear and mitochondrial transcriptional response associated with mitochondrial renovation. Furthermore, the defensiveconsequence of some natural mixtures on the mechanism involved in mitochondrial role has also been revealed. Recently a special interest has been focused on phytochemicals, food-derived bioactive compounds and nutraceuticals that might link high biological activity with good tolerance and low systemic toxicity. Polyphenols are phytochemicals found ubiquitously in plants and their regular consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of a number of chronic diseases. Newly, copiousness of evidence shows the promising role of the polyphenols on mitochondrial structure and function.Thispapersummarized the current findings concerning the capability of physical activity and selected phytochemicals to act on action of the mitochondria by the inspiration of their biogenesis.
Modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis: action of physical activity and phytochemicals
Stefania, D'Angelo
Supervision
2021-01-01
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles whose centralrole is synthesis of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP)by oxidative phosphorylation. They controlseveral cellular activities such as, calcium homeostasis, apoptosis and productionof reactive oxygen species (ROS). These organelles are the focus of metabolic pathways, and mitochondrial alteration is indirectly or directly involved in the origin of manysyndromes.Increased mitochondrial ROS synthesis can perturb the activity of enzymes involved in these paths, affecting both the ATP synthesis and the metabolic responses. Mitochondrial biogenesis involves an increase in mitochondrial number and the overall capacity of oxidative phosphorylation, and it is a critical determinant of all tissues function, and in particular of skeletal muscle. Appropriate nutrition and a constant physical activity,acting on the mitochondrial biogenesis, are essential and modifiable factors that play a key role in preventing and/or delaying the mitochondrial degeneration. Exercise-induced mitochondrial remodeling is mediated by upstream signaling events that converge on downstream transcriptional co-factors, and factors that orchestrate a co-ordinated nuclear and mitochondrial transcriptional response associated with mitochondrial renovation. Furthermore, the defensiveconsequence of some natural mixtures on the mechanism involved in mitochondrial role has also been revealed. Recently a special interest has been focused on phytochemicals, food-derived bioactive compounds and nutraceuticals that might link high biological activity with good tolerance and low systemic toxicity. Polyphenols are phytochemicals found ubiquitously in plants and their regular consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of a number of chronic diseases. Newly, copiousness of evidence shows the promising role of the polyphenols on mitochondrial structure and function.Thispapersummarized the current findings concerning the capability of physical activity and selected phytochemicals to act on action of the mitochondria by the inspiration of their biogenesis.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
