Determining intervention strategies in the development of sustainable entrepreneurship for urban agricultural businesses

Despite its growing relevance, sustainable entrepreneurship still lacks clear conceptual boundaries and a comprehensive understanding of its driving factors. This study applies an integrated SWOT–OPA (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats–Ordinal Priority Approach) framework, combining Strategic Management and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making, to identify key drivers of sustainable entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized urban agricultural enterprises. Based on a literature review and expert analysis involving 20 urban agriculture entrepreneurs, the study identifies 16 key strategies for advancing sustainability-oriented entrepreneurship. Results highlight the central role of coordinated institutional-political, cultural, educational, and technological interventions in promoting community participation, technological development, and the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of sustainability. The integrated SWOT–OPA framework offers a practical tool for strategic management and decision-making, while contributing to the theoretical and practical development of sustainable entrepreneurship at the intersection of urban agriculture and sustainability.