On the Unexplained Causes of the Gender Gap in the Labour Market

Purpose: This paper investigates the causes of the gender gap in the labour market that cannot be explained by classical human capital theory. Design: To this end, the authors integrate the GGLMI, a composite index on the Gender Gap in the Labour Market developed in previous research, with further information on some social aspects that could affect the female work commitment, directly or indirectly. In particular, the authors want to verify if family care and home duties are still strongly unbalanced against women, and whether the welfare system plays a significant role in the gender gap. Findings: Results highlight a very complex scenario, characterized by the persistence of gender inequalities everywhere, even if at different degrees, with very strong imbalances in the time spent at work in response to the family commitments. Research limitations: The actual determinants of gender disparities in the labour market are very difficult to identify, because of the lack of adequate data and the difficulties in measuring some factors determining female behaviour. The additional information used in this research can only partially accomplish this task. Originality/value: However, for the first time the paper uses information on different aspects and causes of the gender gap, including proxies of mainly unobservable aspects, in order to achieve at least partial measurement of this phenomenon.