A review on two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials and their potential applications in spintronics and spin-caloritronic

The class of two-dimensional (2D) materials is critical in the domain of scientific investigation and technology due to its low dimensionality which offers a unique platform to modify the electronic states to harvest diverse applications. In this context, the findings of fundamental ferromagnetism in 2D van der Waals (vdW) crystals offer a mesmerizing field to understand and investigate the origin of magnetism which can invigorate spin transport. This review article covers recent progress on van der Waals 2D ferromagnetic materials to investigate intrinsic magnetism, interlayer coupling effect on their magnetism, and device structures for spintronics. Herein, we have comprehensively discussed magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), the heterostructure of 2D magnetic materials with TMDCs, the spin transport properties based on the Anomalous Hall Effect (AHE). Moreover, the thermal mobilization of electron's spins which generates the spin voltage in ferromagnetic materials because of the Anomalous Nernst Effect (ANE) and Spin Seebeck Effect (SSE) is described. Furthermore, the recent challenges, applications, and perspectives of 2D ferromagnetic magnetic materials are described in detail.