Generative Artificial Intelligence in the healthcare ecosystem: a game-changer for performance measurement.

Healthcare systems function as interconnected ecosystems comprising several stakeholders, including hospitals, clinics, public institutions, and pharmaceutical companies. Effective inter-organizational collaboration enhances clinical outcomes, resource allocation, and knowledge sharing. However, growing complexity necessitates a shift toward an ecosystem perspective characterized by dynamic governance, interdependence, and shared value creation. In this evolving landscape, Performance Measurement Systems (PMSs) are crucial for aligning actors’ interests and optimizing efficiency. Yet, traditional PMSs struggle to adapt to fast-changing digital environments, limiting their effectiveness in real-time performance evaluation. This study examines how Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) influences performance measurement within healthcare ecosystems. Using an experimental approach, ChatGPT 4.0 was applied to assess healthcare performance in an Italian region, leveraging a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) dashboard focusing on care quality, resource utilization, and overall performance. ChatGPT was tested in generating performance insights, identifying patterns, and developing best practices to enhance decision-making. Preliminary findings suggest three key advantages of integrating GenAI into PMSs: (1) improved objectivity and accuracy in performance evaluation, (2) optimized decision-making through real-time data analysis, and (3) a more holistic assessment via human-AI collaboration. However, challenges remain, particularly regarding transparency, accountability, and the “black-box” effect in AI-driven decision-making. This research bridges a critical gap in AI-driven performance evaluation, contributing to both academic discourse and managerial practice. It underscores the need for institutional support and regulatory frameworks to ensure ethical and effective AI implementation. Ultimately, this study highlights the transformative potential of GenAI in shaping the future of healthcare ecosystems.