Aging is a progressive degenerative state accompanied by an increasing loss of physiological integrity and function. Mitochondria are relevant players in this process. According to “The mitochondrial free radical theory of aging” (MFRTA), proposed by Harman in the 1970s, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by mitochondria during life generates oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA. This in turn, contributes to the mitochondrial functionality decline and the aging process. Thanks to their properties, antioxidant molecules should contain the mitochondrial ROS production and extend lifespan. However, the controversial outcomes derived from research on antioxidants challenged MFRTA. In addition, ROS can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on longevity. This chapter describes the mitochondrial involvement in the aging process and the functions of antioxidants in the prevention of age-linked mitochondrial dysfunctions, particularly of vitamin E. Finally, the recent role of ROS as signaling molecules challenging MFRTA will be discussed.

Aging, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and vitamin E

Napolitano, Gaetana
;
2023-01-01

Abstract

Aging is a progressive degenerative state accompanied by an increasing loss of physiological integrity and function. Mitochondria are relevant players in this process. According to “The mitochondrial free radical theory of aging” (MFRTA), proposed by Harman in the 1970s, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by mitochondria during life generates oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA. This in turn, contributes to the mitochondrial functionality decline and the aging process. Thanks to their properties, antioxidant molecules should contain the mitochondrial ROS production and extend lifespan. However, the controversial outcomes derived from research on antioxidants challenged MFRTA. In addition, ROS can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on longevity. This chapter describes the mitochondrial involvement in the aging process and the functions of antioxidants in the prevention of age-linked mitochondrial dysfunctions, particularly of vitamin E. Finally, the recent role of ROS as signaling molecules challenging MFRTA will be discussed.
2023
9780323902564
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11367/117756
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