Congenital lung malformations: can we avoid computed tomography? A five-year study

Purpose: Congenital lung malformations (CLMs) consist of a variety of pulmonary development disorders. In the CLM approach, computed tomography (CT) is considered the gold standard imaging technique due to the high-resolution for the lung parenchyma evaluation, the study of the vascular system after contrast injection, and the multiplanar reconstructions. In the paediatric population CT is considered too invasive due to ionizing radiation and the use of contrast agent. Therefore, the indications for the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are increasing. The aim of our study is to compare retrospectively MRI and CT in the evaluation of CLMs, to reduce or avoid the use of contrast-enhanced CT in the paediatric population. Material and methods: We retrospectively evaluated 22 paediatric patients with prenatal diagnosis of CLMs. All the pa- tients underwent postnatal MRI in the first 2 weeks of life (except for a patient) and pre-surgery contrast-enhanced CT. A total of 7 blinded radiologists divided into 3 different groups independently reviewed each MRI and CT examination. Sensitivity and specificity of radiologists with different years of experience on the field, as well as of MRI findings re- garding every pathology, were evaluated using a ROC curve. The interobserver agreement regarding the MRI findings was also measured. Results: Analysing the ROC curves, we observed that MRI provided a satisfactory accuracy for diagnosing most congenital pulmonary diseases. Conclusions: Our study showed that MRI without contrast agent allows us to reach a CLM diagnosis in good agreement with contrast-enhanced CT, which is considered the gold standard imaging technique.